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One of the most ancient of all the modern sharks, Cow sharks are divided into the following five species: Sharpnose Sevengill, Broadnose Sevengill, Atlantic Sixgill, Bluntnose Sixgill, and the Bigeyed Sixgill. Of the five species, Atlantic Sixgill is the most recently discovered Cow shark. The reason why all these sharks have ‘gill’ at the end of their names is due to the obvious fact that they all possessed gill slits. But what’s with ‘Seven’ gill or ‘Six’ gill? While all the other sharks have the usual 5-gill slits, Cow sharks are unique in their make up as they possess one additional, or in certain classes such as the Sharpnose and Broadnose, two additional gill slits.

This distinct group of sharks first made their way into the fossil record in the late Cretaceous geological period and four of the early Cow sharks still exist to this date. These sharks have not shown many changes in their physical attributes in 65 million years. Hexanchus griseus, the Broadnose Sixgill species, and Notorynchus

Trilobites are a group of now-extinct marine arthropods that are believed to have first appeared around 540 million years ago in what is today known as Siberia. From there, they quickly spread to other locations around the world, including the United States. Redlichiida and Ptychoparlid bigotinids are regarded as some of the earliest orders of trilobites. The name “trilobite” comes from the fact their bodies could be divided into three parts, both axially and longitudinally. Below are some more interesting facts about this arthropod that lived and thrived on our ocean floors.

1. There are more than 20,000 recognized trilobite species today.

There is no continent where you will not find trilobite fossils. The species varied from each other in many factors, including size and skeletal structure. The biggest one measured almost 28 inches in length while the smallest was less than a millimeter. Some had smooth, convex shells while some had defensive spines.

2. They are the official fossils

Paleontologists, scientists, and those enthusiastic about delving into the prehistoric age know that the great white shark of today is not the largest of the shark. Megalodon, a super-shark that ruled aquatic life in the prehistoric age, nearly 20 to 2.6 million years ago, was three times larger than the Great White shark, growing up to 16-18 meters (55-60 feet) in length. With a size so enormous, no doubt it is the largest of all sharks and was one of the most feared predators ever existed on Earth.

Most of the information about the gigantic Megalodon comes from the size of its tooth collected by researchers in different places all around the world. Judging by the tooth size, which may reach up to 18 cm (7 inches) long, researchers concluded that not only it was the largest and a fearsome creature of the prehistoric era, but also one of the most powerful predators with an estimated bite force of between 10.8 to 18.2 tones, which is quite impressive when compared with the bite force of

Tyrannosaurus rex, T-Rex for short, was a large bipedal predator with small arms and two-fingered claws that became extinct about 65 million years ago. Also known as the “King of the Dinosaurs”, T-Rex roamed on Earth only for two million years, a relatively short period of time considering dinosaurs ruled the land, water, and sky for about 165 million years. 

For more than 20 million years, there was one apex predator shark that lurked in the world’s oceans, and it’s name was Megalodon. It was the biggest prehistoric shark ever. This extraordinarily ginormous shark was also the largest marine predator in the history of Earth. It was much bigger than the modern Great White Shark as well as the mighty Kronosaurus, an extinct giant pliosaur. Here are a few more interesting facts about this extinct mackerel shark:

The cave bear, scientifically known as Ursus spelaeus, was a species of bear native to Europe and Asia that became extinct nearly 24,000 years ago. For thousands of years before the modern era, the species was intimately familiar to humans. Today, only their thousands of years old fossils mark their presence as being the lumbering beast coexisted with homo sapiens thousands of years ago.

Here are three interesting facts about the cave bear you should know about:

Buying a megalodon tooth could be overwhelming. With the availability of different grades, colors, sizes, and shapes, it becomes difficult to pick first ever tooth for a collection. Plenty of thoughts, like whether the deal is good or not, or will you get the value of spend; stuff your mind with doubts.

It’s not a new fact that Megalodon teeth are extremely expensive. And, why not? The world’s largest beast that ever lived is not extinct. With the unavailability of Megalodon shark’s skeleton in a preserved state, teeth and cartilage are only sources left to understand and learn about this species.

If you’re finding it difficult to figure out how to shop for a Megalodon tooth, the following points will help to keep all confusions away.

Sitting pretty on your Christmassy mantel is a perky little pine cone accentuating the winter-themed drawing room with its presence. Must-have accessories for Christmas parties, pine cones are no stranger to extreme weather conditions. However, according to some scientists, the rough and tough nature of our pretty little pine cones could be because of raging wildfires burning down forests in the Jurassic Age. If you’re wondering where to buy large pine cones that have stood the test of time, fossilizing itself through the passing centuries, we may have a collection of pre-historic pine cones to add to your collection.

Bite-sized trilobites, starting 540 million years ago, were wandering around the ocean floors surviving and thriving. Dating back to this early fossil-era, the first-ever arthropods of the ancient times have an enthralling story to tell today. The Paleozoic era mariners, once part of the irreplaceable biodiversity in the ocean ecosystem, can now be discovered and unearthed in their fossilized form. Fossil collectors and commoners alike have been beguiled by this three lobed invertebrate seafarer.

Geologic time is the immense span of time that has elapsed since Earth first formed- almost 5.5 billion years ago-to recent times. The geologic time scale is a way of putting Earth’s vast history into an orderly fashion, giving a better perspective of events. At the turn of the nineteenth century, William Smith, an English Canal Engineer, proposed that the lowest rocks in a cliff or quarry are the oldest, while the highest are the youngest.

By observing fossils and rock type in the various layers, it was possible to correlate the rocks at one location with those at other location. These finding along with the first discoveries of dinosaur fossils, led to a framework that scientist still use today to divide Earth’s long history into geologic time scales.

What are the geologic time scales?

The table below is a listing of the geologic time table based on current interpretations of rocks and fossils: