Mako shark teeth fossils offer a captivating window into the ancient marine world, and for those of us who collect or study them, identifying authentic specimens is more than a hobby—it’s a passion rooted in science and discovery. As collectors and enthusiasts, we appreciate the value of understanding the details behind each fossil.
Our focus here is to explore how to date and authenticate mako shark teeth fossils accurately, especially when acquiring them online. By examining the age, geological formation, and physical features of these remarkable relics, we can confidently distinguish genuine fossils from modern replicas or restored pieces.
Identifying the Mako Shark Species
Dating and authentication start with recognizing which extinct species the tooth belongs to. Most mako shark fossils are attributed to Isurus hastalis or Isurus planus, both long extinct but preserved through the fossil record. Occasionally, the name Carcharodon hastalis may appear, referring to a transitional species that shows evolutionary traits linking makos and the modern great white shark.
These distinctions are not merely academic—they help frame expectations about tooth size, shape, and rarity. A broader, thicker tooth may belong to Carcharodon hastalis, while narrower, more streamlined teeth are often assigned to Isurus species. This species identification forms a foundation before considering age and authenticity.
Understanding Fossil Age and Geological Formations
Each mako tooth fossil carries with it a timestamp embedded in the sediment layers of Earth's history. This timestamp is deciphered by identifying the geological formation where the fossil was found. Specific formations not only help determine the fossil’s age but also shape the conditions of its preservation. For example, the Pisco Formation in Peru is well known for producing Miocene to Pliocene-aged fossils, dating back approximately 6 to 2 million years. Fossils from this formation tend to show exceptional preservation, often with complete roots and finely detailed blades. Their colors are usually light gray or tan, influenced by the mineral composition of the soil.
Other significant formations include Calvert Cliffs in Maryland, which dates to the Miocene epoch around 15 million years ago, and Lee Creek Mine in North Carolina, which also spans the Miocene to Pliocene. Fossils from Lee Creek are often darker in color due to phosphate-rich deposits. Similarly, the Bone Valley region in Florida is recognized for its colorful teeth, ranging in hue from orange to yellow.
These colors come from minerals in the phosphate mines where the teeth are unearthed. California’s Temblor Formation, particularly around Sharktooth Hill, yields teeth from roughly 15 million years ago, with tan or cream tones and excellent preservation. When a fossil’s color and condition match those expected from its stated formation, the likelihood of authenticity increases significantly.
Recognizing Signs of Authenticity in Fossils
Authentic mako shark teeth fossils often retain specific characteristics that indicate they have not been artificially enhanced. One of the most noticeable features is the enamel. Genuine fossils will usually have a natural glassy sheen, a result of mineralization over millions of years. The enamel should appear smooth but not overly polished or altered. While some surface wear may be visible, it should look consistent with natural aging rather than mechanical tampering. The blade edges may still appear sharp, and in many cases, they retain their complete triangular profile.
Another essential feature is the condition of the root. Fossilized roots should show natural texture and aging, and their color should align with what is typical for the fossil's region. For instance, a root that appears unnaturally white or starkly different in tone from the crown might suggest repair or restoration. In contrast, a well-preserved root from the Pisco Formation will often exhibit a complex matrix and seamless color transitions.
Color is another powerful indicator. Fossils from Bone Valley often display vibrant tones, while those from Sharktooth Hill tend to be more muted. When the stated formation matches the color profile, it helps reinforce authenticity. On the other hand, discrepancies in color, especially those that look artificial or painted, could point to reproduction or enhancement.
Evaluating Fossils When Buying Online
Online listings offer convenience but require a careful approach to avoid misrepresented fossils. High-resolution images showing both the front and back of the tooth, along with close-ups of the root and blade, are essential. Authentic listings typically show natural wear, mineral staining, and subtle imperfections that add credibility. A smooth, flawless surface could indicate artificial polishing or casting.
Descriptions play a vital role as well. A reliable seller will mention the scientific name, such as Isurus hastalis, and provide the formation where the fossil was discovered, like the Pisco or Bone Valley Formation. The estimated geological age should also be included. Vague descriptions with general phrases like “ancient tooth” or “millions of years old” without context should be approached with caution. Information about whether the tooth has been repaired, restored, or left untouched adds further clarity. Sellers who are transparent about these details are more likely to provide authentic specimens.
It is also essential to consider whether a tooth shows unique characteristics. For example, some mako teeth exhibit slight deformation due to injury or developmental irregularities, resulting in what are known as pathological teeth. While these are rare, their presence can be authenticated by comparing them with typical tooth shapes. Posterior teeth, which are found toward the back of the shark’s jaw, are often smaller and more curved than frontal teeth. These variations should still conform to the known physical standards of mako shark fossils and retain the same enamel and root characteristics.
Storing and Recording Authentic Fossils
Once acquired, a fossil tooth deserves careful storage and documentation. Recording details such as species, formation, and age helps preserve the scientific value of the specimen. Clear labeling and protective casing ensure that the tooth remains in its current condition and avoids damage from handling or environmental factors. Consistent labeling also aids in cataloging, particularly when building a collection or planning to sell or trade fossils in the future.
Conclusion
Recognizing a mako shark tooth’s age, origin, and authenticity is not only rewarding but essential for those committed to building a reliable fossil collection.
By observing the unique combination of geological context, visual features, and honest presentation, collectors can engage with the fossil record in a meaningful way. With each genuine tooth comes a tangible connection to ancient oceans and the remarkable creatures that once swam within them. Authentic fossils serve as a bridge to a prehistoric world, and with the proper knowledge, they can be appreciated both for their beauty and their history—especially when the tooth belonged to a prehistoric mako shark.
